Nauru is a tiny island country northeast of Australia. In recent years, it had received substantial unanticipated windfall income following the reopening of the Regional Processing Center and a significant increase in fisheries revenue and high levels of development assistance.
At 24% in 2001, the urbanization level in Rajasthan in northwestern India was lower than the national average. However, slums were emerging fast and by then were already home to more than 20% of the urban population. The growth in slums and slum populations hastened the deterioration of the urban environment.
Underdeveloped infrastructure and poor domestic and international connectivity prevented Indonesia from achieving its growth potential. Furthermore, the pace of economic growth and job creation was insufficient to reverse the declining poverty reduction rate and widening rural-urban disparity as well as close the socioeconomic gap between the western and eastern regions.
The interior regions of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) have not benefited as much from economic growth and reforms as the east coast. In fact, the gap in economic and social development had been increasing in the years leading to the project appraisal in 2005. Inadequate transport infrastructure and high logistics costs were among the key constraints.
During 2005–2009, Indonesia’s overall infrastructure investment need was estimated at $65 billion, $16 billion of which was targeted to come from private sector investors.
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