Indonesia’s poor people declined from 32.53 million in March 2009 to 31.02 million in March 2010. Nevertheless, rural poverty remained high, partly because of continuing limited access to basic services and poor transport. In the urban areas where about half of the country’s 250 million people lived, only about 1% of had access to sewerage.
Even before the 2007 global financial crisis, micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in India had already been burdened by numerous systemic constraints, including limited institutional credit, high-cost borrowing, weak marketing facilities, poor infrastructure, technological obsolescence, and a perception that they are high-risk enterprises.
Many cities and industrial centers in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) are on or near major rivers, which puts a high proportion of the country's economic activity at risk from periodic floods. Major flooding and the poor drainage that contributes to it constitute the most common and severe form of natural hazard in the PRC.
At around project appraisal in 2006, Bangladesh had a total of about 140 million people, a quarter of whom lived in urban areas. While overall population was growing at 1.4% per year, urban population increased at 2.5% or nearly twice the national rate. Uncontrolled urbanization and rural-to-urban migration was creating heavy and largely unabated demands on the country’s urban infrastructure.
The urban water supply and sewerage systems in Fiji’s capital of Suva had been reported as well developed in the 1970s and 1980s. However, system expansion had not kept pace with increasing demand, and system sustainability declined due to inadequate maintenance. Non-revenue water (NRW) increased from around 30% in the early 1990s to almost 60% by 2002.
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