In pursuit of export-driven growth, the government of Papua New Guinea (PNG) established discrete rural enclaves, which generated local jobs and a cash economy, in contrast to their surroundings where people relied on subsistence farming. However, these enclaves also inadvertently fostered the exchange of goods and cash for sex among the mostly impoverished surrounding populations.
Due to high transaction costs, poor logistics performance, and a proliferation of nontariff barriers, South Asia was one of the least integrated regions in world trade until 2012.
In 2007, the port sector of Papua New Guinea (PNG) comprised 22 declared ports and many small wharves, jetties, and landing stages. However, only 5 of these ports had appropriate infrastructure and received international and coastal traffic. Lae Port was the most important port for international and domestic trade.
During the appraisal of this program, Palau’s water and sanitation sector was characterized by (i) an inadequate legal and regulatory framework, (ii) low tariffs and high consumption, (iii) fragmented management and service delivery responsibilities, (iv) inefficient operations and management, and (v) a projected water shortage due to excessive demand growth and high system losses.
Mountains and hills cover about 94% of the land area of Yunnan, a landlocked province in southwestern People’s Republic of China (PRC). In 2008, the province’s per capita gross domestic product (GDP) was 55% of the national average, the third lowest among the country’s administrative areas. Poverty incidence was among the highest, at 15% of the province’s total 45.3 million people.
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