After having recorded consistent budget surpluses since 2010, the government’s fiscal position deteriorated to a balanced budget in 2015, followed by budget deficits during 2016 and 2017 due to reform slippage and a change in government priorities. Joint policy dialogue with development partners through the government-led Core Economic Working Group (CEWG) lapsed during this period.
Most of the rural poor in the Philippines belong to landless households in southern Luzon, Mindanao, and Visayas. Lack of equitable access to means of production, including land, capital, irrigation, technology, information, employment opportunities, and markets, underpins this deep rural poverty. Various governments have responded to this age-old problem, which has caused continuing rural di
Yichang is a prefecture-level in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and Hubei province’s second largest city after Wuhan, the provincial capital. While as of the end of 2011, its urbanization rate was well below the national average, its urban population was forecasted to increase to 2.8 million by 2030 due to continuing migration.
At program appraisal, limited access to medium-term credit constrained the growth of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Kazakhstan. To help address the challenge, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) approved a $500 million multitranche financing facility (MFF) for the Small and Medium Enterprise Investment Program, in September 2010.
The government of Nepal recognizes information and communication technology (ICT) as one of the most effective means to overcome the geographic barriers posed by its harsh topography, especially its hilly and mountainous terrain, to the effective delivery of public services and poverty reduction, and sustainable growth, particularly in the rural areas. Despite this, the development of e-govern
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