In 2009, Indonesia’s vertically integrated, state electricity company, Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN) had an ambitious plan to invest about $1.2 billion in the electricity distribution sector during 2010−2014 to reduce distribution losses and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. PLN intended a large part of this plan to be financed by loans from bilateral and multilateral partners.
Until project appraisal in 2008, Viet Nam’s public health sector was burdened with aged, physically degraded, and poorly equipped infrastructure. Congestion in the provincial facilities was common as patients bypassed less equipped district− and commune−level facilities. Provincial health staff knowledge and skills also needed improvement.
Viet Nam’s rapid economic growth during 2000–2010 resulted in structural changes that transformed the country from being heavily dependent on agriculture to becoming more modern and industrialized. These changes in turn led to an increasing demand for a more educated and highly skilled workforce that meets the requirements of a rapidly growing economy.
The project line is a section of the Eastern Economic Corridor of the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) Economic Cooperation Program. It opened in the early 1900s and runs for about 285 kilometers (km) northwest from Hanoi to Lao Cai City on the border with Yunnan province in the People’s Republic of China (PRC).
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