Underdeveloped infrastructure and poor domestic and international connectivity prevented Indonesia from achieving its growth potential. Furthermore, the pace of economic growth and job creation was insufficient to reverse the declining poverty reduction rate and widening rural-urban disparity as well as close the socioeconomic gap between the western and eastern regions.
The project line is a section of the Eastern Economic Corridor of the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) Economic Cooperation Program. It opened in the early 1900s and runs for about 285 kilometers (km) northwest from Hanoi to Lao Cai City on the border with Yunnan province in the People’s Republic of China (PRC).
Due to high transaction costs, poor logistics performance, and a proliferation of nontariff barriers, South Asia was one of the least integrated regions in world trade until 2012.
Mountains and hills cover about 94% of the land area of Yunnan, a landlocked province in southwestern People’s Republic of China (PRC). In 2008, the province’s per capita gross domestic product (GDP) was 55% of the national average, the third lowest among the country’s administrative areas. Poverty incidence was among the highest, at 15% of the province’s total 45.3 million people.
In 2010, Bangladesh’s electrification rate was low, and blackouts were frequent. Several initiatives were taken to add generating capacity: the government allowed the installation of rental power plants of 40–115-megawatt (MW) capacity, refurbished old gas turbines, and converted open-cycle gas turbine plants to more efficient combined-cycle power plants.
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