Just 2−4 years after it was severely hit by the 1997 Asian financial crisis, the Indonesian economy began to steadily recover. Real gross domestic product growth rose from 0.8% in 1998 to 2%–3% during 2000–2002 and reached 5.5% in 2006. Wide−ranging finance sector reforms accounted for much of this recovery.
Thanh Hoa City is the capital and only major urban center of Viet Nam’s third largest but second poorest and second most populous province of Thanh Hoa. With a population of 200,000 in 2008, rising by 1.9% per year, it was one of the 11 class II secondary cities targeted by government for development to limit migration to Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City.
In pursuit of export-driven growth, the government of Papua New Guinea (PNG) established discrete rural enclaves, which generated local jobs and a cash economy, in contrast to their surroundings where people relied on subsistence farming. However, these enclaves also inadvertently fostered the exchange of goods and cash for sex among the mostly impoverished surrounding populations.
Due to high transaction costs, poor logistics performance, and a proliferation of nontariff barriers, South Asia was one of the least integrated regions in world trade until 2012.
In 2007, the port sector of Papua New Guinea (PNG) comprised 22 declared ports and many small wharves, jetties, and landing stages. However, only 5 of these ports had appropriate infrastructure and received international and coastal traffic. Lae Port was the most important port for international and domestic trade.
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