After having recorded consistent budget surpluses since 2010, the government’s fiscal position deteriorated to a balanced budget in 2015, followed by budget deficits during 2016 and 2017 due to reform slippage and a change in government priorities. Joint policy dialogue with development partners through the government-led Core Economic Working Group (CEWG) lapsed during this period.
Fifteen years of military rule in Bangladesh gave rise to a system of patron–client politics, severely constraining the institutionalization of good governance. After 1990, the national development plans of all the succeeding governments included good governance as a key goal to reduce corruption, improve service delivery, and reform the civil service.
Viet Nam has some of the highest levels of public expenditure on infrastructure and services in Southeast Asia. Yet, higher government expenditure was not always directly associated with improved outcomes.
In response to the devastating Haiyan or Yolanda typhoon in November 2013, the Philippines’ Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) utilized the existing Kapit-Bisig Laban sa Kahirapan (Linking Arms Against Poverty)–Comprehensive and Integrated Delivery of Social Services (KALAHI-CIDSS) system to support recovery and rehabilitation.
Punjab is a mid-sized state in India with a population of 28 million. It has a primarily agriculture-based economy that has long served as India’s granary and ensured the country’s food security. Despite its glowing past, the state economy, as of program appraisal, had been slowing down for over a decade because of high fiscal stress.
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