Electricity is a key driver of economic growth and poverty reduction. Recognizing this, the government of India declared providing electricity to all households at an affordable price by 2012 as its mission and announced the Power for All by 2012 policy.
After decades of preferential treatment, incentives, and subsidies, state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in Viet Nam failed to compete effectively, and their financial problems created significant fiscal risks. Having virtually no access to private capital markets, general corporations had relied on extensive borrowing from the government and state-owned commercial banks to finance their operations.
Maldives, a South Asian country of 1,190 islands grouped in 26 atolls and spread over 90,000 square kilometers in the Indian Ocean, graduated to middle-income status in 2011. After 30 years of presidency, it transitioned to a parliamentary democracy in 2005, and in 2008, had a new constitution ratified, paving the way for the first multi-party presidential elections.
At project appraisal in 2013, only around 3% of the people in the Malaita province, which had about 25% of the Solomon Islands’ national population, had access to grid electricity. Power in the provincial capital of Auki was 100% diesel-generated and so was expensive and beyond the reach of most of the local population.
As it marked the return of international financers to hydropower following the World Commission on Dams report in 2000, the Nam Theun 2 Hydroelectric Project received unprecedented global scrutiny. In response, environmental and social impacts and revenue potentials were equally considered during project preparation, which comprised a lengthy, iterative, and consultative process, beginning wit
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