Bhutan is endowed with abundant natural and renewable energy resources. However, its mountainous terrain and the resulting difficulties in extending the grid have prevented a large percentage of the rural population from accessing clean energy.
Known for its large tea and petroleum industries, Assam has the largest economy in the northeastern region of India. However, the state has lagged behind the rest of India in terms of growth and investment climate, and its economic activities have been significantly constrained by inadequate power supply and limited access to electricity.
India’s National Power Grid Development Investment Program, supported by the Asian Development Bank (ADB), was designed to increase transmission capacity and affordable and reliable power supply for sustained economic growth.
At program preparation, Afghanistan had one of the lowest electrification levels and per capita electricity consumption in the world. In 2008, only about 9% of the population had access to intermittent public electricity, and per capita electricity consumption was as low as 21 kilowatt hours (kWh) per year. Cities such as Kabul received electricity only 2–3 hours a day.
At program appraisal, the reliability of Bangladesh’s electricity supply was low and had become a major deterrent to economic development. By 2011, with more than half of Bangladesh’s population without access to electricity, improvements to electricity generation, transmission, and distribution systems were urgently required.
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