The macroeconomic environment in Nepal became upbeat, as peace set in after a decade−long conflict. Gross domestic product grew by 4.7% in 2008. Poverty incidence fell from 42% in 1996 to 31% in 2004. Nevertheless, until subprogram 2 preparation in 2009, severe poverty had persisted in various parts of the country and economic growth had been uneven.
Nomadic and rural Mongolia has experienced rapid urbanization since 1950, which accelerated during the transition from central planning to a market-based economy in the early 1990s. A series of harsh winters or dzuds resulted in large numbers of livestock deaths, damaging herders’ livelihoods.
The transport sector is important to Pakistan’s economy. In 2005, it comprised about 10% of the country’s gross domestic product. Road transport was the dominant mode, accounting for 91% of passenger and 96% of freight traffic. The national highway network, consisting of 8,320 kilometers (km) of highways and 710 km of motorways, carried 75%–80% of all national traffic.
Samoa, a small and remote Pacific island country, is particularly vulnerable to economic and natural disaster shocks. In 2008−2009, it suffered severely from these shocks as, following the global economic crisis that caused its tourism, manufacturing, and agriculture receipts to fall, a tsunami hit the country.
Many of the poor households in the provinces surrounding the Tonle Sap Lake would migrate seasonally to the lake and upland forests to meet their food shortfalls and supplement their livelihood in the villages.
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