At project appraisal, the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, in the northwestern part of the People’s Republic of China (PRC), was one of the country’s least developed inland areas. Its per capita gross domestic product (GDP) in 2002 was about two-thirds of the national average. Of its 15 counties, eight were classified as poverty counties.
Fujian Province, on the southeastern coast of the People’s Republic of China (PRC), is more than 80% hills and mountains. It underwent rapid economic growth in the few decades prior to project appraisal in 2003. But the standard of living of its rural households had remained much lower than that of its urban population.
In June 1997, a presidential decree in Georgia created the Municipal Development Fund (MDF) to enable municipal governments to take out soft loans and grants for municipal infrastructure investments. Since then, the MDF has enjoyed the support of many international development agencies, including the Asian Development Bank (ADB) that provided its first loan for Georgia’s Municipal Services Dev
Rapid increases in transport demand have accompanied the rapid economic growth of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) since 1978. During 1978–2003, total passenger transport grew by 9.2% annually, while freight transport grew at 7.1%.
Since the launch of the Asian Development Bank- (ADB) sponsored Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC) program in 1997, regional cooperation in Central Asia has centered on transport, energy, and trade facilitation.
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