Maldives, a South Asian country of 1,190 islands grouped in 26 atolls and spread over 90,000 square kilometers in the Indian Ocean, graduated to middle-income status in 2011. After 30 years of presidency, it transitioned to a parliamentary democracy in 2005, and in 2008, had a new constitution ratified, paving the way for the first multi-party presidential elections.
Lake Issyk–Kul in the eastern part of the Kyrgyz Republic is the world’s second largest saline lake; a Ramsar site of globally significant biodiversity; and a United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization designated biosphere reserve. In September 2009, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) approved a $16.5 million loan and a $13.5 million grant for the Issyk-Kul Sustainable Deve
At project appraisal in 2013, only around 3% of the people in the Malaita province, which had about 25% of the Solomon Islands’ national population, had access to grid electricity. Power in the provincial capital of Auki was 100% diesel-generated and so was expensive and beyond the reach of most of the local population.
By implementing market-oriented reforms, Viet Nam achieved robust economic growth over an extended period. As a result, the country advanced from a narrow inward-looking economy to a rapidly growing lower-middle-income economy. In 2011, when the project was designed, it was entering a new phase in which past gains were to be consolidated and new challenges were to be addressed.
Uzbekistan has been one of the most energy- and carbon-intensive countries in the world, with footprints on both over six times the global average in 2011. To address the situation, the government called for drastic increases in energy efficiency and the development and use of renewable energy.
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