Samoa’s narrow economy and limited resources create a difficult environment for business, and make the country highly vulnerable to global economic shocks. Frequent natural calamities exacerbate this vulnerability, as demonstrated by the cascade of negative impacts on the country’s economy by the global financial crisis in 2008, a tsunami in 2009, and Tropical Cyclone Evan in 2012.
In May 2005, the government of Pakistan began implementing a series of integrated activities to ensure adequate power supply to meet the projected 8% annual economic growth set out in its Medium-Term Development Framework, 2005−2010.
Until the first half of this decade, Pakistan's public sector enterprises (PSEs) continued to have generally weak financial health and relied on significant regular fiscal transfers and sovereign credit guarantees to maintain their operations.
The Philippines is an early leader in the move towards decentralized local governance and fiscal decentralization in Southeast Asia. As early as the 1970s, it explored various institutional and legal arrangements for central–local fiscal relations. In 1991, it passed the Local Government Code, providing an ambitious mandate for local governments to deliver public services.
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