In early 2000, only 29% of Sri Lanka’s population, mostly in urban areas, had piped water services. One-quarter of the population had no access to safe sanitation.
In January 2009, continuous and sometimes intense rains caused some of the worst flooding in Fiji’s history. Flash floods affected many areas but were particularly damaging in the northwestern section of the main island of Viti Levu.
Nomadic and rural Mongolia has experienced rapid urbanization since 1950, which accelerated during the transition from central planning to a market-based economy in the early 1990s. A series of harsh winters or dzuds resulted in large numbers of livestock deaths, damaging herders’ livelihoods.
Samoa, a small and remote Pacific island country, is particularly vulnerable to economic and natural disaster shocks. In 2008−2009, it suffered severely from these shocks as, following the global economic crisis that caused its tourism, manufacturing, and agriculture receipts to fall, a tsunami hit the country.
Many of the poor households in the provinces surrounding the Tonle Sap Lake would migrate seasonally to the lake and upland forests to meet their food shortfalls and supplement their livelihood in the villages.
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