During project appraisal in 2008, Odisha (formerly Orissa), in northeastern India, was one of the poorest states in the country. Agriculture employed 60% of its available labor and generated one-third of its gross domestic product.
For nearly 3 decades, Sri Lanka had been severely affected by an internal armed conflict. The entire country suffered but the Northern Province bore the brunt of the conflict. The conflict intensified from February 2007 and government forces gained full control in May 2009.
In August 2008, a massive flood on the Koshi River in Nepal breached its east embankment, damaging a vast area of farmlands and standing crops in the Sunsari district in the eastern region. Less than a month later, incessant heavy rains caused severe landslides and flooding, ravaging the Kailali and Kanchanpur districts in the far western region.
Indonesia’s poor people declined from 32.53 million in March 2009 to 31.02 million in March 2010. Nevertheless, rural poverty remained high, partly because of continuing limited access to basic services and poor transport. In the urban areas where about half of the country’s 250 million people lived, only about 1% of had access to sewerage.
In 2010, the worst floods in Pakistan’s history affected 100,000 square kilometers of land and 20 million people. They impacted more than one-tenth of the country’s population and caused about 1,800 deaths. Basic transport and irrigation facilities were badly damaged in 80 of the country’s 110 districts.
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