The urban water supply and sewerage systems in Fiji’s capital of Suva had been reported as well developed in the 1970s and 1980s. However, system expansion had not kept pace with increasing demand, and system sustainability declined due to inadequate maintenance. Non-revenue water (NRW) increased from around 30% in the early 1990s to almost 60% by 2002.
Nomadic and rural Mongolia has experienced rapid urbanization since 1950, which accelerated during the transition from central planning to a market-based economy in the early 1990s. A series of harsh winters or dzuds resulted in large numbers of livestock deaths, damaging herders’ livelihoods.
Nanjing, the capital of Jiangsu province, comprises 11 districts and 2 counties that straddle the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. It was a rapidly developing city at project appraisal in 2006.
The economy of Hefei, the capital city and economic center of Anhui province in the eastern part of the People’s Republic of China (PRC), has been growing at an average annual rate of 13.5% since 2000. Rapid economic growth, industrialization, and urbanization have led to urban environmental pollution and degradation.
Fuzhou, the provincial capital of Fujian, is a major commercial, industrial, and financial center and one of the high-growth cities in the People’s Republic of China (PRC). Rapid urbanization and economic growth in the city have created serious shortfalls in urban infrastructure services, especially wastewater management.
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