Urbanization in Bangladesh had been increasing at a rate of 6% per year since 1971. As of 2005, an estimated 38 million people or 27% of the total population lived in urban areas. Despite significant progress in poverty reduction, 37% of the urban population were below the poverty line in the 1990s.
At 24% in 2001, the urbanization level in Rajasthan in northwestern India was lower than the national average. However, slums were emerging fast and by then were already home to more than 20% of the urban population. The growth in slums and slum populations hastened the deterioration of the urban environment.
Nanjing, the capital of Jiangsu province, comprises 11 districts and 2 counties that straddle the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. It was a rapidly developing city at project appraisal in 2006.
The economy of Hefei, the capital city and economic center of Anhui province in the eastern part of the People’s Republic of China (PRC), has been growing at an average annual rate of 13.5% since 2000. Rapid economic growth, industrialization, and urbanization have led to urban environmental pollution and degradation.
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