Thanh Hoa City is the capital and only major urban center of Viet Nam’s third largest but second poorest and second most populous province of Thanh Hoa. With a population of 200,000 in 2008, rising by 1.9% per year, it was one of the 11 class II secondary cities targeted by government for development to limit migration to Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City.
During the appraisal of this program, Palau’s water and sanitation sector was characterized by (i) an inadequate legal and regulatory framework, (ii) low tariffs and high consumption, (iii) fragmented management and service delivery responsibilities, (iv) inefficient operations and management, and (v) a projected water shortage due to excessive demand growth and high system losses.
At around project appraisal in 2006, Bangladesh had a total of about 140 million people, a quarter of whom lived in urban areas. While overall population was growing at 1.4% per year, urban population increased at 2.5% or nearly twice the national rate. Uncontrolled urbanization and rural-to-urban migration was creating heavy and largely unabated demands on the country’s urban infrastructure.
The urban water supply and sewerage systems in Fiji’s capital of Suva had been reported as well developed in the 1970s and 1980s. However, system expansion had not kept pace with increasing demand, and system sustainability declined due to inadequate maintenance. Non-revenue water (NRW) increased from around 30% in the early 1990s to almost 60% by 2002.
In early 2000, only 29% of Sri Lanka’s population, mostly in urban areas, had piped water services. One-quarter of the population had no access to safe sanitation.
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