Electricity is a key driver of economic growth and poverty reduction. Recognizing this, the government of India declared providing electricity to all households at an affordable price by 2012 as its mission and announced the Power for All by 2012 policy.
In 2005, only 44% of the population of Bangladesh had access to electricity at a per capita consumption of 171 kilowatt-hours (kWh), one of the lowest in South Asia. Inadequate energy supply was a key constraint on economic development.
In 2007, while over 97% of Viet Nam’s communes were connected to the national grid, 278 remained unconnected, and some were classified as electrified but received power only at the commune center.
In October 2007, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) approved a $273 million multitranche financing facility (MFF) for the Rajasthan Urban Sector Development Investment Program, which was designed to improve the urban environment and promote ongoing reforms for sustainable, efficient, and responsive urban service delivery.
After decades of preferential treatment, incentives, and subsidies, state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in Viet Nam failed to compete effectively, and their financial problems created significant fiscal risks. Having virtually no access to private capital markets, general corporations had relied on extensive borrowing from the government and state-owned commercial banks to finance their operations.
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