Shanxi province is situated in the middle reaches of the Yellow River and the eastern part of the Loess Plateau in northern People’s Republic of China (PRC). At project appraisal, it had only about 3.8 million hectares of dependable arable land, of modest quality and productivity, for its 23 million rural population.
The interior regions of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) have not benefited as much from economic growth and reforms as the east coast. In fact, the gap in economic and social development had been increasing in the years leading to the project appraisal in 2005. Inadequate transport infrastructure and high logistics costs were among the key constraints.
Mountains and hills cover about 94% of the land area of Yunnan, a landlocked province in southwestern People’s Republic of China (PRC). In 2008, the province’s per capita gross domestic product (GDP) was 55% of the national average, the third lowest among the country’s administrative areas. Poverty incidence was among the highest, at 15% of the province’s total 45.3 million people.
Many cities and industrial centers in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) are on or near major rivers, which puts a high proportion of the country's economic activity at risk from periodic floods. Major flooding and the poor drainage that contributes to it constitute the most common and severe form of natural hazard in the PRC.
Nanjing, the capital of Jiangsu province, comprises 11 districts and 2 counties that straddle the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. It was a rapidly developing city at project appraisal in 2006.
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